• Telegramalso asks users to create a private chat to enable end-to-end encryption. The lack of end-to-end encryption as a default can be a privacy issue in and of itself.
• By default, Telegram chats are not encrypted end-to-end. Encrypted chats can't be viewed from various devices, according to Bischoff, making them more secure but less handy than WhatsApp.
• WhatsApp and Telegram both work by forming user communities and gathering data about the user's device via fingerprinting.
• Telegram contains bots, which are strong tools but may be used for scams and hacks,' the expert said, adding that all three apps have had reported cybersecurity flaws in the past.

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