Founded in the 16th century, the Mughal Empire created an immense and mighty state in much of India. Its rise involved several key factors: 

• Babur's conquests: A descendant of both dynasties, Babur invaded India in 1526 and defeated the Delhi Sultanate at the Battle of Panipat. This victory was the beginning of the Mughal Empire. 
• Military prowess and alliances: The Mughals had an advanced military, including cavalry and archers as well as gunpowder weapons. They established strategic alliances with local Rajput chiefs, gradually extending their power through diplomacy and marriage. 
• Tolerance and administrative system: The Mughals were also more tolerant of Hindus than previous Muslim rulers, a policy that encouraged social harmony and stability. More than previous Muslim rulers, the Mughals adopted a policy of religious tolerance towards Hindus-Muslim harmony and stability.
• They also established a centralized system of administration with effective revenue collection and land management procedures. 
• Economic flourishing and cultural influence: Its vast territory encouraged trade and commerce, enriching the treasury which sponsored flourishing artistic and intellectual currents. As for Mughal architecture, painting, and literature, these remain masterpieces. 
• Succession and leadership: His successors Akbar and Shah Jahan reinforced power still further, adding to the empire's extent; while figures like Aurangzeb came up against religious policies and conflicts with the Deccan Sultanates. The Mughal Empire had a huge impact on India, but ultimately went into decline in the 18th century. Its administrative system, cultural heritage, and architectural masterpieces are still visible today.