The factors that contribute to the formation of various types of climates around the globe are:

Latitude: The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees. This tilt causes the Sun's rays to strike the Earth at different angles at different times of the year. The angle of the Sun's rays affects the amount of solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface, which in turn affects the temperature. Areas closer to the equator receive more direct sunlight and are therefore warmer than areas closer to the poles.
Altitude: The higher the altitude, the colder the air. This is because the air is thinner at higher altitudes and cannot hold as much heat.
Ocean currents: Ocean currents can transport warm or cold water from one part of the globe to another. This can affect the temperature of the air above the ocean, which in turn affects the climate of the surrounding land.
Landforms: Landforms such as mountains and valleys can block or channel the flow of air, which can affect the amount of precipitation that falls in an area.
Vegetation: Vegetation can help to moderate the climate by absorbing sunlight and releasing moisture into the air.
The combination of these factors determines the climate of a particular region. For example, the climate of the tropics is warm and humid because the Sun's rays strike the Earth directly at the equator. The climate of the Arctic is cold and dry because the Sun's rays strike the Earth at a very low angle at the North Pole.

The climate of a region can also change over time due to natural factors such as volcanic eruptions and changes in the Earth's orbit. Human activities such as deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels can also contribute to climate change.