The partition of British India into India and Pakistan was accomplished on August 14-15, 1947. The largest Muslim minority was in India where Muslims constituted around 27% of the population, although Muslims inhabit all of British India. The partition was based on the religious demographics with the Muslim-minority provinces of British India being awarded to Pakistan and the Hindu and Sikh-majority provinces to India. The partition was accomplished through a bloody and violent process with millions of Hindus and Sikhs fleeing to India and Muslims fleeing to Pakistan. The partition of British India also led to the largest forced migration in world history.

The Line of Control (LoC) separates Azad Kashmir from the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (part of Indian-administered Kashmir) on its eastern side. The LoC serves as the de facto border between the Indian and Pakistani-controlled parts of Kashmir.

Pakistan has a long history of conflict with India, dating back to the partition of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947. The two countries have fought three wars over the disputed territory of Kashmir, and the most recent conflict was the Kargil War of 1999.

Pakistan is bordered by the India-administered Kashmir to the east, Afghanistan to the northwest and the nation of Iran and the whole of Balochistan to the west. To the south is the Arabian Sea. The name 'Pakistan' means 'land of the pure' in Urdu and Persian. It is alternatively spelled “Pakistan.”

Pakistan occupies the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, which it shares with Afghanistan, Iran, and China. The country has a total land area of 796,095 square kilometers (310,527 square miles).

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 was a conflict between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. The war began with the Pakistani invasion of Kashmir on 22 October 1947 and ended with a ceasefire on 1 January 1949.The final status of Jammu and Kashmir was not resolved and the state remained divided between India and Pakistan.

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 was a significant event in the history of both India and Pakistan. The war established the territorial integrity of India and Pakistan and confirmed the partition of the subcontinent.