The first Law Commission, presided over by Thomas Babington Macaulay, created the Indian Penal Code. In 1835, it was presented to the Council of Governor-General of India after being formulated in 1834. Specific offences are defined and sanctioned by the IPC in its various parts. It is broken into 511 sections spread across 23 chapters.
Section 1 of the Indian Penal Code states that this Act, which will be known as the Indian Penal Code, IPC Section 1 of 1866 as defined by the laws, will apply to all of India with the exception of the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
IPC is applicable to the state of Jammu and Kashmir in the same way as the Ranbir Penal Code is applicable to all of India. Sec. 1 IPC expressly states the name of the act and the scope of its application throughout the Indian subcontinent.
A country's penal code lists or defines the crimes and offences that are illegal and subject to punishment. All of the laws pertaining to crime and punishment are included in it. The country's primary criminal code is the Indian Penal Code. It covers all criminal offences, including those involving the use of force, theft, conspiracy, crimes against persons or property, violations of public order, etc. Under the IPC, anyone found guilty of a crime faces penalties.
When discussing Section 1 of the Indian Penal Code, it is evident that, in accordance with criminal law principles, the ability to exercise criminal jurisdiction solely depends on the location of the offence and not on the defendant's domicile or nationality.
It must be proven that the offence, for which the accused is charged, was committed on Indian territory in order to use the IPC's provisions. According to IPC 1, the territory of India includes not only its land mass and internal waters (such as its rivers, lakes, and canals), but also the areas that are located along its coastline. These areas are typically referred to as the Maritime Zones.
A 24-mile contiguous zone, a 200-mile exclusive economic zone, and a continental shelf up to the continental margin or 200 nautical miles, whichever is greater, are all defined by the Maritime Zones of India Act of 1981.
