• BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System, and it is a computer programme that is normally stored in EPROM and is utilised by the CPU to complete start-up procedures when the computer is turned on. Its two main tasks are determining whether peripheral devices are present (keyboard, mouse, disc drives, printers, video cards, and so on) and loading the operating system (OS) into main memory.
• The BIOS programme regulates data flow between the OS and peripherals after startup, so neither the OS nor the application programmes need to be aware of peripheral details (such as hardware addresses). BIOS was phased out in favour of the United Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) in the early twenty-first century, which can accommodate much larger drives and run much faster than BIOS.

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