What are Manipulators?

The Manipulators in C++

The Manipulators are helping functions that can modify the input/output stream. Here, It does not mean that we change the value of a variable, it only modifies the I/O stream using insertion (<<) and extraction (>>) operators.

For example, if we want to print the hexadecimal value of 100 then we can print it as:

cout<<setbase(16)<<100

The types of Manipulators

These are various types of manipulators:

(1). Manipulators without arguments

endl
ws
ends
flush

(2). Manipulators with Arguments

Some important manipulators in <iomanip> are

setw (val)
setfill (c)
setprecision (val)
setbase(val)
setiosflags(flag)
resetiosflags(m)

Some important manipulators in <ios> are

showpos
noshowpos
showbase
uppercase
nouppercase
fixed
scientific
hex
dec
oct
left
right

For Testing :-

#include <iostream> 

#include <istream> 

#include <sstream> 

#include <string> 

  

using namespace std; 

  

int main() 

{ 

    istringstream str("Programmer"); 

    string line; 

    // Ignore all the whitespace in string 

    // str before the first word. 

    getline(str >> std::ws, line); 

  

    // you can also write str>>ws 

    // After printing the output it will automatically 

    // write a new line in the output stream. 

    cout << line << endl; 

  

    // without flush, the output will be the same. 

    cout << "only a test" << flush; 

  

    // Use of ends Manipulator 

    cout << "\na"; 

  

    // NULL character will be added in the Output 

    cout << "b" << ends; 

    cout << "c" << endl; 

  

    return 0; 

}

Output

Programmer

only a test

abc

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