The Manipulators in C++
The Manipulators are helping functions that can modify the input/output stream. Here, It does not mean that we change the value of a variable, it only modifies the I/O stream using insertion (<<) and extraction (>>) operators.
For example, if we want to print the hexadecimal value of 100 then we can print it as:
cout<<setbase(16)<<100
The types of Manipulators
These are various types of manipulators:
(1). Manipulators without arguments
- endl
- ws
- ends
- flush
(2). Manipulators with Arguments
Some important manipulators in <iomanip> are
- setw (val)
- setfill (c)
- setprecision (val)
- setbase(val)
- setiosflags(flag)
- resetiosflags(m)
Some important manipulators in <ios> are
- showpos
- noshowpos
- showbase
- uppercase
- nouppercase
- fixed
- scientific
- hex
- dec
- oct
- left
- right
#include <iostream>
#include <istream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
istringstream str("Programmer");
string line;
// Ignore all the whitespace in string
// str before the first word.
getline(str >> std::ws, line);
// you can also write str>>ws
// After printing the output it will automatically
// write a new line in the output stream.
cout << line << endl;
// without flush, the output will be the same.
cout << "only a test" << flush;
// Use of ends Manipulator
cout << "\na";
// NULL character will be added in the Output
cout << "b" << ends;
cout << "c" << endl;
return 0;
}
Output
Programmer
only a test
abc
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