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Chandrayaan-2 mission was a highly complex mission, which represented a significant technological leap compared to the previous missions of ISRO, which brought together an Orbiter, Lander and Rover to explore the unexplored south pole of the Moon. Since the launch of Chandrayaan-2 on July 22, 2019, not only India but the whole world watched its progress from one phase to the next with great expectations and excitement. This was a unique mission which aimed at studying not just one area of the Moon but all the areas combining the exosphere, the surface as well as the sub-surface of the moon in a single mission. The Orbiter has already been placed in its intended orbit around the Moon and shall enrich our understanding of the moon’s evolution and mapping of the minerals and water molecules in the Polar Regions, using its eight state-of-the-art scientific instruments. The Orbiter camera is the highest resolution camera (0.3m) in any lunar mission so far and shall provide high resolution images which will be immensely useful to the global scientific community. The precise launch and mission management has ensured a long life of almost 7 years instead of the planned one year. The Vikram Lander followed the planned descent trajectory from its orbit of 35 km to just below 2 km above the surface. All the systems and sensors of the Lander functioned excellently until this point and proved many new technologies such as variable thrust propulsion technology used in the Lander. The success criteria was defined for each and every phase of the mission and till date 90 to 95% of the mission objectives have been accomplished and will continue contribute to Lunar science , notwithstanding the loss of communication with the Lander.

Chandrayaan-2consists of an orbiter, lander (Vikram) and rover (Pragyan). The mission period of the lander and rover is equal to one lunar day i.e. 14 days of Earth.

Vikram Lander

Vikram Lander is a module that will carry the Pragyan Rover to the lunar surface while conducting some experiments of its own. Once Vikram Lander successfully lands on the lunar surface as per schedule, the Pragyan Rover itself will come out on the lunar surface, a process called roll out. It also includes many devices and payloads that will be used continuously throughout their mission time.

Let us also tell you that, this lander has been named in honor of the late Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, former chairman of ISRO. Vikram Sarabhai is considered as the 'father of Indian space program'. This lander will be operated for 14 days after reaching the lunar surface. During this time, Vikram Lander will continue to do communication with the Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) in Bayalu near Bangalore. The same network will also be used for communication by orbiter and rover. The total weight of the Vikram lander is 1,471 kg, including the Pragyan Rover (27 kg). This lander is capable of generating around 650 W of power.