Gold is a very shiny valuable metal. It is termed as the king of metals. It is located in the first transition group of the periodic table with copper and silver. It has only one stable isotope (isotope, mass 197).
The mass of radioactive isotopes obtained by artificial means is 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 198 and 199 respectively. Scientists at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in India have manufactured a substance called Black Gold.
Gold is a metal and element. Pure gold is bright yellow which is a very attractive color. This metal is very precious and has been used for making coins, jewelery and collection of money since ancient times. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, most malleable and ductile metal.
Chemically it is an element with the symbol Au and atomic number ७ ९. It is an inert metal. Most chemicals do not do any action with it. Gold has modern industrial applications - in dentistry, in electronics.
Man has been affected by the glory of gold since very ancient times, because it is often found in a free state in nature. Even in ancient times, this metal was respected. During the Indus Valley Civilization 2500 years before Christ (whose ruins have been found in Mohenjodaro and Harappa), gold was used for jewelery.
At that time this metal was obtained from Mysore region of South India. In Charakasamhita (300 years before Christ), the description of gold and its ashes is described as a medicine. Kautilya's Arthashastra enumerates the methods of identifying the gold mine, metallurgy and its refining measures, the test of gold and its three types of uses (absorption, properties and erosion) in the Swarnashala. It is known from all these accounts that at that time the level of Suvarnakala in India was high.
Apart from this, in the history of civilizations of Egypt, Assyria, etc., there is a talk of making various types of gold jewelery and this art was well known at that time.
The goal of the alchemists of the medieval period was to convert low metals (iron, copper, etc.) into gold. They kept searching for such a stone paras by which gold could be obtained from low metals. In this period people did not know the real nature of the chemical activity. Many people have claimed that they have learned such tricks by which they can make gold from iron which later proved to be false.
