The backend of Gmail, for example, is written in Java, while the backend of Google Search is written in C++. Python has played a major part in Google's system from its inception, and it continues to do so as the system expands and improves.
The Google infrastructure is powered by the following software:
1.Google Web Server (GWS): — Google's online services run on a bespoke Linux-based Web server.
2.Storage options:
- Google File Manager and Colossus, its sequel
- Bigtable - it is a structured storage system based on GFS/Colossus.
- Spanner - a planet-scale database that supports distributed transactions that are externally consistent.
- Google F1 - a distributed, quasi-SQL DBMS based on Spanner, using a bespoke version of MySQL in place of Spanner.
3. Service for chubby locks.
4. The programming languages MapReduce and Sawzall.
5. Search and indexing systems:
- TeraGoogle - Google's massive search index,
- Caffeine – indexing system that is constantly updated.
- Hummingbird - substantial update to the search index, incorporating complicated search and voice search.
6. Software for declarative process scheduling via Borg.
Google has created a number of abstractions that it utilizes to store the majority of its data:
- Protocol Buffers - Google's data lingua franca, a binary serialization standard widely utilized throughout the organization.
- SS Table - a persistent, ordered immutable key-value map, where both keys and values are arbitrary byte strings. It's also utilized as one of Bigtable's construction blocks.
- Record IO — a succession of records of varying sizes.
