Salesforce Data Loader is a powerful tool that enables users to easily import, export, and delete data from Salesforce. It can be run through the command line or through a user interface, making it a flexible and versatile tool for managing Salesforce data. When using the command line interface, there are several operators that can be used to perform various actions.

Here are the most commonly used command-line operators of Salesforce Data Loader:

1. insert: This operator is used to insert new records into Salesforce. To use this operator, you need to specify the path to the CSV file containing the data to be inserted.
2. update: This operator is used to update existing records in Salesforce. To use this operator, you need to specify the path to the CSV file containing the updated data, as well as the field that will be used to match the existing records.
3. upsert: This operator is used to insert new records or update existing records in Salesforce, depending on whether a matching record exists. To use this operator, you need to specify the path to the CSV file containing the data to be upserted, as well as the field that will be used to match the existing records.
4. delete: This operator is used to delete records from Salesforce. To use this operator, you need to specify the path to a CSV file containing the record IDs of the records to be deleted.
5. hardDelete: This operator is used to permanently delete records from Salesforce. This operation cannot be undone, so it should be used with caution. To use this operator, you need to specify the path to a CSV file containing the record IDs of the records to be permanently deleted.
6. extract: This operator is used to export data from Salesforce. To use this operator, you need to specify the path to a CSV file where the data will be exported, as well as the Salesforce object and fields to be exported.
7. exportAll: This operator is used to export all data from Salesforce, including deleted records. To use this operator, you need to specify the path to a CSV file where the data will be exported.
8. hardDeleteAll: This operator is used to permanently delete all data from Salesforce. This operation cannot be undone, so it should be used with extreme caution.