What are the three lists in the Seventh Schedule?

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The Seventh Schedule divides law-making powers between the Centre and the states into three lists:

  • Union List: subjects only Parliament can make laws on, such as defence, foreign affairs, banking, railways and currency.
  • State List: subjects for state legislatures, such as police, public order, public health, agriculture and land.
  • Concurrent List: subjects on which both can make laws, such as education, forests, marriage, criminal law and electricity. If there is a conflict, the central law generally prevails.

Residuary subjects, those not listed anywhere, belong to Parliament. The 42nd Amendment moved education and forests from the State List to the Concurrent List.

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