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I’ve seen football replays where a player appears onside in one frame but offside in another, especially when the pass and the defensive line are moving quickly. It makes close decisions hard to judge from a broadcast angle.
How do officials decide which instant to use, and how does semi-automated offside technology account for the players’ positions? I’m curious what the system can measure reliably and where camera angle, body-part rules, or frame timing still matter.
