While reading about the American Civil War, I noticed that the Emancipation Proclamation applied to designated areas in rebellion rather than every place where slavery existed. That leaves me with a question about states such as Kentucky and Delaware, which permitted slavery but remained in the Union.
Why could Lincoln declare enslaved people free in rebellious territory but not use the same proclamation in loyal slave states?
Was the distinction primarily about presidential war powers, keeping the border states loyal, or a combination of legal authority and political strategy?
I am trying to separate what the proclamation legally declared from when freedom could actually be enforced. How did that limited scope relate to the later need for the Thirteenth Amendment?
