How Can Satellites Tell Wildfire Smoke Apart from Dust?

Satellite images often show broad plumes spreading across a region, but a pale plume could come from wildfire smoke, blowing dust, or even cloud. How do scientists determine what they’re looking at when the image is captured from hundreds of kilometres above the ground?

I’m interested in what satellite measurements help distinguish these sources, and how much confidence forecasters can have when a plume is mixed with clouds or changes quickly. Does the answer depend more on the sensor, the wavelength, or combining several observations?