Do India’s anti-defection rules leave room for principled dissent?

I’m trying to understand where party discipline ends and a legislator’s independent judgment begins. Under India’s anti-defection rules, how much freedom does an MP or MLA actually have to disagree with their party on a bill or policy?

Does the answer change depending on whether there is a formal party whip, or whether the disagreement happens inside the legislature rather than in public? I’d be interested in how people weigh stable governments against meaningful dissent by elected representatives.