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In general science and space technology topics, the James Webb Space Telescope is frequently described as the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope, but their observational mechanisms are fundamentally different.
While Hubble primarily operated in the visible spectrum and ultraviolet range, JWST operates almost entirely in the mid-infrared and near-infrared spectrum. Why was infrared observation specifically chosen for studying the early universe?
Specifically, I would like to understand:
- How cosmological redshift shifts light from ancient galaxies into infrared wavelengths.
- Why infrared light can penetrate cosmic dust clouds that block visible light, allowing astronomers to see star formation.
- Why JWST requires passive cooling with a massive sunshield and active cryogenic cooling to operate effectively.
