International sanctions are the instruments through which actions are conducted by nations or bodies on the sphere of political influence. They limit the freedom of trade and financial transactions, movement of goods and pressurize governments to act in adherence with international norms and often cause countries to change national policies.
The effect of sanctions on the economy of a country is direct with the country experiencing a decline in exports, minimal foreign investments, and a rise in inflation. Economic pressure may make leaders rethink dangerous policies, and the displeasure of citizens with shortages and growth in costs impact political stability and decision-making processes.
In addition to economics, sanctions have an effect on diplomacy. They marginalize regimes, undermine international relations and reduce their involvement in international treaties. There is reduced influence on countries which are under sanctions and this diminishes their capability to negotiate treaties, alliances and claim power over global issues.
Sanctions on the domestic front can enable opposition or civil society movements. Leaders who are subject to sanctions have been unable to sustain the support of the population making them easy targets to opponents who criticize the policies. The effect of such a dynamic can be policy changes or leadership change to regain stability.
Sanctions may also help governments gain strength when used to reinforce nationalism or to criticize the actions of foreign actors. The reforms can lead to long-term instability since the population can oppose any changes that take place. Sanctions have to be carefully designed and attentively implemented in order to have real impact shaping political behaviour.
Conclusion
International sanctions have played a role identifying political decision because of how it impacts economies, diplomacy and government within a country. They constrain or compel governments to change their policies but they have to be strictly focused to eliminate unintended consequences and produce the desired changes in politics.
