Dhamma became the central state policy after the Kalinga War by Ashoka. The empire was guided by this ethical code which was influenced by Buddhist principles. It forbade violence, lies, cruelty, respect and intolerance. These tenets basically shifted Mauryan rule and social behavior towards non violence, and good deeds.
Ashoka was extremely strict in the implementation of non-violence (ahimsa). He eliminated the royal hunting missions, and the slaughtering of animals to feed royalties was hugely minimized. The government was well against wasteful practices such as animal sacrifice. This policy went up to looking at the humane treatment of all forms of life.
Empress Ashoka installed pillar edicts and rock edicts all over the empire. These proclamations were written in the local languages such as Prakrit with the script of Brahmi and explained moral principles of Dhamma and administrative reforms. They were direct announcements that Ashoka was regretful about the Kalinga War and they are permanent official statements of good governance.
Ashoka required toleration of other religions, he made clarification to give honor to every sect. He offered grants and patronage to Brahmins, Buddhist, Ajivikas and Jains. Acting administratively he developed the Dhamma Mahamatras. They used to spread Dhamma, provide people with welfare and make decisions about quarrels without any preferences.
Ashoka began huge social welfare programs. This involved the building of human and animal hospitals, medicinal herbs planting, digging of wells and planting shade trees along the roads. He constructed vast rest houses (sarais) for the travelers, which showed a viable approach towards his dedication to suffering and the advancement of the welfare of the populace.
Conclusion :
The reforms that Ashoka initiated after the invasion of Kalinga was a clear move past conquest, and towards a new stage of Dhamma based government. Much of this was achieved through enforcement of non-violence, issuing of moral edicts, imposition of religious tolerance, appointing Dhamma Mahamatras and utilisation of large-scale public welfare works. He has left behind a legacy characterized by the setting up of an empire that was run using morals and interests in the well being of every subject and any living being.
