India's first satellite was Aryabhata, named after the ancient mathematician and astronomer. It was launched on April 19, 1975, marking a big step for India's space program. The satellite was developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and launched from the Soviet Union using a Kosmos-3M rocket.
Aryabhata was mainly a scientific satellite meant for experiments in X-ray astronomy, solar physics, and aeronomy. Even though it had a power failure just four days after it was launched, it still collected useful data and showed that India could design and build satellites. This project helped ISRO gain important technical skills and set the stage for India's future achievements in space.
The satellite weighed around 360 kilograms, had an octagonal shape, and used solar cells for power. It was created entirely in India, showcasing ISRO's growing abilities. The project was led by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, who is often called the father of India’s space program.
Aryabhata didn't come back to Earth but orbited for several years before atmospheric drag caused it to break apart. Its legacy lives on, inspiring many Indian scientists and engineers. Today, Aryabhata is seen as a symbol of India's rise in the global space scene and a stepping stone for missions like Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan.
