The Himalayas form the northern border of India. The mountain system forms an important climatic obstruction and creator of perennial rivers. Its mountainous nature with lofty mountains and deep valleys also plays a big role in the weather and the ecology in the subcontinent.
Indo-Gangetic Plains are located in the South of Himalaya. Comprising silt deposits of the rivers Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra, they are rich alluvial lowlands that are the main agricultural land of India and have high population density.
The Deccan Plateau covers peninsular India. Being such old hard rock, this uplifted, triangular land-mass is flanked by the Western and Eastern Ghats. Its geography results in identifiable climatic zones and sustains high biodiversity of forests.
India has over 7 500 kilometers of coastline. This coastline interface to the Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal controls the monsoon climate, maritime trade and indeed sustains the coastal ecosystem.
The northwest is the dry Thar Desert. Home to extreme temperatures, lack of rainfall and the dunes this region poses specific challenges and resources to the environment.
Conclusion:
The country of India is essentially defined by five phenomena that include the Himalayas, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, the Deccan Plateau, the vast coast referred to as the Harbor of India, and the Desert Thar. It is this varied physical geography that constitutes the fundamental environmental framework of the country.
