With a combination of diplomacy, legal frameworks, and on-the-ground strategies, India has managed to clear its border disputes with neighboring countries. Many of these disputes stem from historical claims and unresolved colonial era boundaries with China, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan and Myanmar. Here’s how India addresses these issues:
 

Diplomacy and Legal Solutions
Diplomacy is India’s preferred method of detangling conflicts, either by relying on agreements common to both nations or legal or other mechanisms. In fact, with China, India has the 1993 Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement, and with Pakistan, the Simla Agreement (1972), both aimed at advancing peace and handling boundary questions. Legal actions are another reason; India has ended a maritime dispute with Bangladesh through international arbitration, in 2014, which is a peaceful precedent. Through these diplomatic and legal strategies India can achieve mutually acceptable solutions and head off escalation.
 

Managing Disputes on the Ground
To avert disputes from growing, India follows confidence-building measures, regular dialogues, and de-escalation measures, especially at the Line of Control with Pakistan and the Line of Control with China. India also is spending millions on building infrastructure in Arunachal Pradesh to help with security, including 73 strategic roads along the LAC, 1,400 miles of which India built. India and its neighbors also have protocols to limit tensions: agreements to ban the use of firearms near borders.


Strengthening Relationships with Neighbors
India maintains strong relations with its neighbors not just to resolve disputes but also to foster stability. Economic and security assistance from India and agreements with Myanmar for cross-border movement with local communities move India and Bhutan in that part of the world. These actions show trust, reduce possibility of conflict, and enhance India’s relationship.
 

Addressing Ongoing Issues
However, disputes such as Kalapani and Susta between Nepal remain unresolved. The cases where India relies on treaties like the treaty of Sugauli of 1816 and then engages in diplomatic discussions to back its claims. Border issues involving Pakistan, add fuel to the fire of cross-border insurgency and military tensions, making it even more challenging but necessary for a diplomatic solution.
 

Looking Ahead
India maintains peaceful borders by being clear, sticking to agreements, and having positive relationships with its neighbors. India balances diplomatic talks, seeks legal avenues, and builds a strong defense infrastructure to prevent conflicts and maintain the stability of its borders.
 

Overall, India’s approach to border disputes is rooted in diplomacy, legal frameworks, and effective on-ground management, focusing on long-term peace and cooperation.