Space telescopes are carefully designed and equipped with several protective measures to withstand the harsh conditions of space. First and foremost, they are housed within a specially designed spacecraft or satellite that shields them from the extreme temperatures, radiation, and micrometeoroid impacts present in the space environment.

One critical element of protection is the thermal insulation and regulation system. Space telescopes operate in a vacuum where temperatures can vary drastically between sunlight and shadow. Insulating materials and sunshades are used to maintain a stable temperature, preventing overheating or freezing of sensitive instruments.

To shield against harmful solar radiation and cosmic rays, space telescopes often have robust shielding made of specialized materials like multi-layered aluminum or other radiation-resistant composites. These materials absorb or reflect radiation, safeguarding delicate optics and detectors.

Another crucial aspect of protection is the deployment mechanism. Space telescopes are often launched in a compact form and then carefully deployed once they reach their designated orbits. This process must be precise to ensure that the delicate instruments and mirrors unfold correctly without damage.

Finally, space telescopes may have redundant systems and components. Redundancy ensures that if a part of the telescope fails, there is a backup in place to continue operations, extending the overall mission's lifespan.

In essence, the protection of space telescopes involves a combination of advanced engineering, materials science, and meticulous planning to ensure they can endure the unforgiving conditions of space and continue to provide invaluable insights into the cosmos.