Space probes like Voyager achieve the remarkable feat of communicating with Earth from vast interstellar distances by relying on a highly specialized and technologically advanced communication system. At the heart of this system are powerful radio transmitters on the probes themselves, capable of generating signals that retain enough strength to reach Earth even when they are billions of miles away. However, the process involves more than just raw power.

On Earth, an essential component of this communication network is the Deep Space Network (DSN), a global network of enormous radio antennas situated in California, Spain, and Australia. These antennas play a pivotal role in both receiving signals from the probes and transmitting commands and data back to them. The success of communication hinges on the precise alignment of these antennas with the spacecraft. Over such vast distances, the signal path narrows significantly, necessitating the utmost accuracy in antenna positioning.

Data transmission from the probe to Earth is optimized by compressing the data, reducing the volume of information that needs to traverse the immense expanse of space. Furthermore, error-correction codes are employed to counter signal degradation during transmission, enabling receiving stations on Earth to detect and rectify errors.

Space probes are also equipped with high-gain antennas that can focus their signals into narrow beams, enhancing signal strength and reception on Earth. These antennas can be precisely aimed at Earth, maintaining a stable connection despite the spacecraft's vast distance.

The entire communication process is meticulously scheduled, taking into account the probe's trajectory and when it will be within range of Earth-based tracking stations. Moreover, it involves acknowledging a significant time delay in signal propagation, with signals from Voyager, for instance, taking more than 21 hours to reach Earth due to the immense distance. This necessitates careful planning and automation in the probe's operations.

In essence, the communication system employed by space probes like Voyager is a testament to human ingenuity, technological prowess, and meticulous planning. It allows us to receive invaluable data and images from probes journeying through the cosmos, expanding our knowledge of the far reaches of our solar system and offering glimpses into the mysteries of interstellar space.