• The blockchain creates a digital trust platform, meaning that tampering with information once it has been inputted is nearly impossible, and that all parties involved can verify and trace each step. A new block is created and appended to the current blocks each time a new transaction is made, hence the name 'blockchain.' All blocks in the network are updated at the same time and contain the whole history of the transactions involved, ensuring that the chain of integrity is maintained (or a chain of trust).
• Another essential feature of blockchain technology is smart contracts. They are computer programmes (algorithms) that use the information in a blockchain to perform an agreed-upon task, such as a transaction or reporting. For example, if a container is loaded onto a ship and the event is recorded in the bill of lading blockchain, a smart contract can be used to pay the terminal operator automatically. By delivering a unique and enforceable document, smart contracts extend the utility of blockchains.

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