• The geometric layout of computer systems is known as network topology. Bus topology, Star topology, Ring topology, mesh topology, and other topologies are commonly used.
• A network protocol is a set of rules and signals that computer systems on a network use to communicate with one another. In a real-time context, LAN, often known as Ethernet, is the most popular network protocol. The IBM token-ring network is another common LAN protocol for personal computers.
• Network Architecture: Peer-to-peer and client/server architectures are the two most common types of network architecture.
• Data transfer speeds in LANs are often substantially higher than those in WANP, ranging from 0.2 megabits per second to 1 gigabit per second. WAN transmission rates, on the other hand, typically range from 1200 bits per second to somewhat more than 1 megabit per second.

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