Chandrayaan-1 was the first Indian lunar exploration mission launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) on October 22, 2008. It was an unmanned mission that aimed to study the moon's surface and mineral composition, and carry out experiments related to lunar geology, mineralogy, and water-ice detection. The spacecraft carried several scientific instruments onboard, making it one of the most significant lunar missions ever launched.

Chandrayaan-1 carried 11 scientific instruments onboard, which were developed by various Indian and international organizations. The primary scientific instrument onboard Chandrayaan-1 was the Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC), which was developed by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). TMC was used to capture high-resolution images of the moon's surface, which were used to create a three-dimensional map of the moon.

Another important scientific instrument onboard Chandrayaan-1 was the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), developed by NASA. M3 was used to study the mineral composition of the moon's surface and detect the presence of water-ice. The instrument was capable of detecting minerals that were not visible to the naked eye and could identify the chemical composition of the lunar surface.

The Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument (LLRI) was another critical scientific instrument onboard Chandrayaan-1. The instrument was developed by the Russian Federal Space Agency and was used to study the moon's topography and gravitational field. The instrument used a laser to determine the distance between the spacecraft and the moon's surface, which helped to create a detailed map of the moon's terrain.

The Sub-keV Atom Reflecting Analyser (SARA) was developed by the Swedish Institute of Space Physics and was used to study the moon's exosphere. SARA was capable of detecting low-energy neutral atoms and ions and could identify the sources of these particles.

Chandrayaan-1 also carried a Radiation Dose Monitor (RADOM) developed by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. RADOM was used to measure the radiation levels on the lunar surface, which is crucial for future manned missions to the moon.

In addition to these, Chandrayaan-1 carried several other scientific instruments such as the Chandra's Altitudinal Composition Explorer (CHACE), X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS), High-Energy X-ray Spectrometer (HEX), etc.