The Constitution of India, which was adopted on 26th January 1950, not only outlines the fundamental rights of its citizens but also includes a set of fundamental duties that citizens are expected to fulfill. These fundamental duties were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976 and aim to promote social harmony, national integration, and a sense of responsibility among citizens. There are a total of 11 fundamental duties listed in the Constitution of India.

To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions: Citizens are expected to respect and follow the Constitution, which is the supreme law of the land. This duty emphasizes the importance of constitutional principles and institutions.

To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom: Citizens are encouraged to remember and uphold the ideals of freedom, justice, equality, and secularism that guided the Indian independence movement.

To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India: Citizens have a duty to safeguard the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and unity of the nation. This duty emphasizes the importance of national unity and integrity.

To defend the country and render national service when called upon: Citizens may be required to serve in the armed forces or contribute to national service in times of need, such as during national emergencies or disasters.

To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities: This duty emphasizes the importance of promoting unity, harmony, and a sense of brotherhood among all citizens, regardless of their backgrounds.

To renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women: Citizens are expected to reject and discourage practices that demean or discriminate against women and work towards gender equality.

To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture: Citizens have a duty to respect and preserve the diverse cultural heritage of India, including its languages, traditions, and customs.

To protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife: Citizens have a responsibility to protect and conserve the environment for the present and future generations. This duty emphasizes the importance of environmental sustainability.

To develop scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform: Citizens are encouraged to cultivate a scientific attitude, humanism, and a spirit of inquiry and reform. This duty promotes a rational and progressive mindset.

To safeguard public property and to abjure violence: Citizens have a duty to protect public property and refrain from engaging in violence or any form of disruptive behavior that harms society.

To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity: This duty encourages citizens to pursue excellence in their personal and collective endeavors, contributing to the overall progress and development of the nation.

It is important to note that these fundamental duties are not legally enforceable, unlike fundamental rights. However, they serve as a moral and ethical guideline for citizens to contribute to the welfare of the nation and maintain a harmonious society. The fundamental duties are seen as complementary to the fundamental rights and play a significant role in shaping the civic and moral consciousness of Indian citizens.